Biography
Wang was born in Zhengding, Hebei in 1861. He was the Minister of War in the Republic of China three times, 1915-1916 and twice in 1917. He was the Premier of China from 1917 to 1918.
Tuesday, September 9, 2008
Wang Shizhen
Wang Shizhen was a Chinese general and politician of the Republic of China.
Wang was born in Zhengding, Hebei in 1861. He was the Minister of War in the Republic of China three times, 1915-1916 and twice in 1917. He was the Premier of China from 1917 to 1918.
Wang was born in Zhengding, Hebei in 1861. He was the Minister of War in the Republic of China three times, 1915-1916 and twice in 1917. He was the Premier of China from 1917 to 1918.
Yao Zhenshan
Yao Zhenshan , （？－1938）Chinese soldier and leader of Anti Japanese volunteer army forces in the resistance to the Pacification of Manchukuo.
Before the Mukden Incident, Yao was a captain commanding a company in the Third Battalion, 676th Regiment, 27th Brigade of the Kirin Provincial Army. Following the invasion of Manchuria he joined Wang Delin's Chinese People's National Salvation Army.
After the Army of Wang Delin was defeated and retreated from Manchukuo, Yao Zhenshan remained behind in eastern Kirin province. National Salvation Army's acting Commander-in-Chief Wu Yicheng soon appointed him brigade commander. He lead it north and south to on various expeditions, and coordinated with other Anti Japanese forces in harassing the Japanese. In 1934, was made the First Corps commander of the one of three in the National Salvation Army. He later cooperated with the 2nd Route Army of the Northeast Anti-Japanese United Army in the war against Japanese and their Manchukuoan armies.
Following Yao's death in battle in 1938, the wife of Kong Xianrong another of Wang Delin's subordinates, led the remains of his forces, a small band which fought on until the spring of 1941 when it was annihilated.
Before the Mukden Incident, Yao was a captain commanding a company in the Third Battalion, 676th Regiment, 27th Brigade of the Kirin Provincial Army. Following the invasion of Manchuria he joined Wang Delin's Chinese People's National Salvation Army.
After the Army of Wang Delin was defeated and retreated from Manchukuo, Yao Zhenshan remained behind in eastern Kirin province. National Salvation Army's acting Commander-in-Chief Wu Yicheng soon appointed him brigade commander. He lead it north and south to on various expeditions, and coordinated with other Anti Japanese forces in harassing the Japanese. In 1934, was made the First Corps commander of the one of three in the National Salvation Army. He later cooperated with the 2nd Route Army of the Northeast Anti-Japanese United Army in the war against Japanese and their Manchukuoan armies.
Following Yao's death in battle in 1938, the wife of Kong Xianrong another of Wang Delin's subordinates, led the remains of his forces, a small band which fought on until the spring of 1941 when it was annihilated.
Zhang Shaozeng
Zhang Shaozeng was a Beiyang Army general in charge of the 20th Division.
He was born in Zhili province and graduated from a Japanese military academy in 1901. He was a known radical who advocated constitutional monarchy and supported Wu Luzhen's mutiny during the Xinhai Revolution. He became the boss of Tianjin.
In 1912, he secured the loyalty of the Inner Mongolian tribes to Yuan Shikai. He broke with Yuan during the National Protection War and was one of the first to fight against 's attempt to restore the Qing dynasty in 1917.
He became affiliated with Cao Kun's Zhili clique and ruled Rehe. He and Wu Peifu advocated the return of the original . He served as Li Yuanhong's in 1923. He opposed Cao and Wu's plan to invade Guangdong to defeat Sun Yatsen's rival government, preferring to negotiate unification. His tenure as premier in the Beiyang government was marked by greed and self-glorification and he was forced to flee to the British legation in Tianjin after his resignation.
In 1928, he was assassinated by Zhang Zuolin after he was found to have contacts with the Guominjun and Kuomintang.
Biography
He was born in Zhili province and graduated from a Japanese military academy in 1901. He was a known radical who advocated constitutional monarchy and supported Wu Luzhen's mutiny during the Xinhai Revolution. He became the boss of Tianjin.
In 1912, he secured the loyalty of the Inner Mongolian tribes to Yuan Shikai. He broke with Yuan during the National Protection War and was one of the first to fight against 's attempt to restore the Qing dynasty in 1917.
He became affiliated with Cao Kun's Zhili clique and ruled Rehe. He and Wu Peifu advocated the return of the original . He served as Li Yuanhong's in 1923. He opposed Cao and Wu's plan to invade Guangdong to defeat Sun Yatsen's rival government, preferring to negotiate unification. His tenure as premier in the Beiyang government was marked by greed and self-glorification and he was forced to flee to the British legation in Tianjin after his resignation.
In 1928, he was assassinated by Zhang Zuolin after he was found to have contacts with the Guominjun and Kuomintang.
Chang Hai-peng
Chang Hai-peng or Zhang Haipeng, , was a Chinese Northeastern Army general, who went over to the Japanese during the Invasion of Manchuria and became a general in the Manchukuo Imperial Army of the state of Manchukuo.
In early October 1931, shortly after the Mukden Incident, at Taonan in the northwest of Liaoning province, General Chang Hai-peng, who was commander of the 2nd Provincial Defense Brigade, took command of the local forces including the and declared the district independent of China, in return for a shipment of a large quantity of military supplies by the Japanese Army.
General Chang Hai-peng followed his political move up by leading the men of the Hsingan Reclamation Army north to attack General Ma Zhanshan the newly appointed governor of Heilungkiang province. Soon after Chang Hai-peng advanced upon Ma's capital at Qiqihar, Ma offered to surrender it. Encouraged by General Shigeru Honjo, Chang advanced cautiously to accept General Ma's surrender. However Chang's advance guard was attacked by Ma's troops and it was routed.
Following the establishment of the State of Manchukuo in March 1932 Chang Hai-peng commanded his old force now renamed the Taoliao Army leading Manchukouan troops against the Manchurian volunteer armies and in the Japanese invasion of Rehe in Operation Nekka. Afterward he commanded the newly organized Rehe Guard Army, later the after the 1934 reorganization of the Manchukuoan Army.
*
*Jowett, Phillip J., ''Rays of the Rising Sun Vol 1.'', Helion & Co. Ltd. 2004.
* China's Anti-Japanese War Combat Operations
** Author : Guo Rugui, editor-in-chief Huang Yuzhang
** Press : Jiangsu People's Publishing House
** Date published : 2005-7-1
** ISBN:7214030349
** This is transcribed at
** http://www.wehoo.net/book/wlwh/a30012/A0170.htm
In early October 1931, shortly after the Mukden Incident, at Taonan in the northwest of Liaoning province, General Chang Hai-peng, who was commander of the 2nd Provincial Defense Brigade, took command of the local forces including the and declared the district independent of China, in return for a shipment of a large quantity of military supplies by the Japanese Army.
General Chang Hai-peng followed his political move up by leading the men of the Hsingan Reclamation Army north to attack General Ma Zhanshan the newly appointed governor of Heilungkiang province. Soon after Chang Hai-peng advanced upon Ma's capital at Qiqihar, Ma offered to surrender it. Encouraged by General Shigeru Honjo, Chang advanced cautiously to accept General Ma's surrender. However Chang's advance guard was attacked by Ma's troops and it was routed.
Following the establishment of the State of Manchukuo in March 1932 Chang Hai-peng commanded his old force now renamed the Taoliao Army leading Manchukouan troops against the Manchurian volunteer armies and in the Japanese invasion of Rehe in Operation Nekka. Afterward he commanded the newly organized Rehe Guard Army, later the after the 1934 reorganization of the Manchukuoan Army.
Sources
*
*Jowett, Phillip J., ''Rays of the Rising Sun Vol 1.'', Helion & Co. Ltd. 2004.
* China's Anti-Japanese War Combat Operations
** Author : Guo Rugui, editor-in-chief Huang Yuzhang
** Press : Jiangsu People's Publishing House
** Date published : 2005-7-1
** ISBN:7214030349
** This is transcribed at
** http://www.wehoo.net/book/wlwh/a30012/A0170.htm
Chiang Wei-kuo
Chiang Wei-kuo , or Wego Chiang was an adopted son of Chiang Kai-shek, adoptive brother of Chiang Ching-kuo, and an important figure in the Kuomintang . His nickname was Jianhao and sobriquet Niantang .
Born in Tokyo when Chiang Kai-shek and the KMT was exiled to Japan by the Beiyang Government, Chiang Wei-kuo has long been speculated to be an offspring of Tai Chi-tao and a Japanese woman, Shigematsu Kaneko . Chiang Wei-kuo previously discredited any such claims and insisted he was a legitimate son of Chiang Kai-shek until his later years, when he admitted that he was adopted.
According to popular gossip, Tai believed knowledge of his Japanese tryst would destroy his marriage and his career, so he entrusted Wei-kuo to Chiang Kai-shek, after the Japanese Yamada Juntaro brought the infant to Shanghai. Yao Yecheng , Chiang's wife at the time, raised Wei-kuo as her own. The boy called Tai his "Dear Uncle" .
Chiang moved to the Chiang ancestral home in Xikuo Town of Fenghua in 1910.
Wei-kuo studied at Soochow University. With his sibling held as a virtual political hostage by Stalin, Chiang sent Wei-kuo to Germany for a military education at the Munich Military Academy. Here, he would learn the most up to date German military tactical doctrines, organization, and use of weaponry on the modern battlefield such as the German-inspired theory of the Maschinengewehr led squad, incorporation of Air and Armored branches into Infantry attack, etc. After completing this training, Wei-kuo completed specialized Alpine warfare training, thus earning him the coveted Gebirgsjäger Edelweiss sleeve insignia. This was not an easy accomplishment, as part of the training selection included carrying 30 kilos of ruck sack through the Bavarian Alps. Wei-kuo was promoted to Unteroffizier and was evidently a fine marksman, as his pictures depict him wearing the Schützenschnur lanyard.
Wei-kuo commanded a Panzer during the 1938 Austrian Anschluss, leading a tank into that country; subsequently, he was promoted to Leutnant of a Panzer unit awaiting to be sent into Poland. Before he was given the mobilization order, he was recalled to China. There, Wei-kuo became a Major at 28, a Lieutenant Colonel at 29, a Colonel at 32, and later, a Major General. Wei-kuo was in charge of a M4 Sherman tank battalion during 1948 Nationalist-Communist campaign against Deng Xiao Ping's troops, scoring some early victories. In 1949 he moved his armor regiment to Taiwan.
In 1944, he married Shih Chin-i, the daughter of Shih Feng-hsiang , a textile tycoon from North West China. Shih died in 1953 during a child birth. Wei-kuo later established the Jinsin Elementary School in Taipei to commemorate his late wife.
In 1957, Chiang re-married, to Chiu Ju-hsüeh , also known as Chiu Ai-lun , a daughter of Chinese and German parents. Chiu gave birth to Chiang's only son, Chiang Hsiao-kang, in 1962. Chiang Hsiao-kang is the youngest of the of the Chiang family.
His positions in the Republic of China government included:
* Commanding general of the armored vehicles regiment
* Commanding general of the unified logistics division
* Commandant of the Army Strategies College
* Chancellor of the Three-Military University
* Senior advisor to the President
* Secretary-General, Council of National Security
After Chiang Ching-kuo's death, Chiang was a political rival of native Taiwanese Lee Teng-hui, and he strongly opposed Lee's Taiwan localization movement. Chiang ran as vice-president with Taiwan Governor Lin Yang-kang in the . Lee ran as the KMT presidential candidate and defeated the Lin-Chiang ticket.
In 1991, Chiang's housemaid, Li Hung-mei was found dead in Chiang's estate in the Taipei City. The following police investigation discovered a stockpile of sixty guns on Chiang's estate. Chiang himself admitted the possibility of a link between the guns and his maid's death, which was later ruled a suicide by the police. The incident permanently tarnished Chiang Wei-kuo's name, at a time when the Chiang family was increasingly unpopular on Taiwan and even within the Nationalist Party. A new generation of Nationalists no longer had the will or desire to cover the decades of corruption and scandal that the Chiang family had surrounded itself with ever since Chiang Kai-shek rose to power in the 1930s.
In the early 1990s, Chiang Wei-kuo established an 11-person unofficial Spirit Relocation Committee to petition the Communist government to allow his father and brother to be exhumed and re-interred in mainland China. His request was largely ignored by both the Nationalist and Communist governments, and he was persuaded to abandon the petition by his stepmother and his father's widow, Soong May-ling in November 1996.
In 1994, a hospital was supposed to be named after him in Sanchih, Taipei County, after an unnamed politician donated to Ruentex Financial Group , whose founder was from Stician. Politicians questioned the motivation.
In 1996, the Chiang home on a military land was finally demolished by the order of the Taipei municipal government under Chen Shui-bian. The estate had been constructed in 1971. After Chiang moved elsewhere in 1981, he deeded it to his son. The justification was that son was not in military service and thus was not entitled to live there.
Chiang Wei-kuo died at the age of 82 from kidney failure. He had been experienced falling blood pressure complicated by diabetes after a 10-month illness at Veterans General Hospital, Taipei at 82. He wished to be buried in Suzhou in mainland China, but was instead buried at Wuchih Mountain Military Cemetery.
Chiang Wei-kuo was a Master Mason and was a Past Master of Liberty Lodge #7 in Taipei, Taiwan.
Early life
Born in Tokyo when Chiang Kai-shek and the KMT was exiled to Japan by the Beiyang Government, Chiang Wei-kuo has long been speculated to be an offspring of Tai Chi-tao and a Japanese woman, Shigematsu Kaneko . Chiang Wei-kuo previously discredited any such claims and insisted he was a legitimate son of Chiang Kai-shek until his later years, when he admitted that he was adopted.
According to popular gossip, Tai believed knowledge of his Japanese tryst would destroy his marriage and his career, so he entrusted Wei-kuo to Chiang Kai-shek, after the Japanese Yamada Juntaro brought the infant to Shanghai. Yao Yecheng , Chiang's wife at the time, raised Wei-kuo as her own. The boy called Tai his "Dear Uncle" .
Chiang moved to the Chiang ancestral home in Xikuo Town of Fenghua in 1910.
Wei-kuo studied at Soochow University. With his sibling held as a virtual political hostage by Stalin, Chiang sent Wei-kuo to Germany for a military education at the Munich Military Academy. Here, he would learn the most up to date German military tactical doctrines, organization, and use of weaponry on the modern battlefield such as the German-inspired theory of the Maschinengewehr led squad, incorporation of Air and Armored branches into Infantry attack, etc. After completing this training, Wei-kuo completed specialized Alpine warfare training, thus earning him the coveted Gebirgsjäger Edelweiss sleeve insignia. This was not an easy accomplishment, as part of the training selection included carrying 30 kilos of ruck sack through the Bavarian Alps. Wei-kuo was promoted to Unteroffizier and was evidently a fine marksman, as his pictures depict him wearing the Schützenschnur lanyard.
Wei-kuo commanded a Panzer during the 1938 Austrian Anschluss, leading a tank into that country; subsequently, he was promoted to Leutnant of a Panzer unit awaiting to be sent into Poland. Before he was given the mobilization order, he was recalled to China. There, Wei-kuo became a Major at 28, a Lieutenant Colonel at 29, a Colonel at 32, and later, a Major General. Wei-kuo was in charge of a M4 Sherman tank battalion during 1948 Nationalist-Communist campaign against Deng Xiao Ping's troops, scoring some early victories. In 1949 he moved his armor regiment to Taiwan.
In 1944, he married Shih Chin-i, the daughter of Shih Feng-hsiang , a textile tycoon from North West China. Shih died in 1953 during a child birth. Wei-kuo later established the Jinsin Elementary School in Taipei to commemorate his late wife.
In 1957, Chiang re-married, to Chiu Ju-hsüeh , also known as Chiu Ai-lun , a daughter of Chinese and German parents. Chiu gave birth to Chiang's only son, Chiang Hsiao-kang, in 1962. Chiang Hsiao-kang is the youngest of the of the Chiang family.
Political career
His positions in the Republic of China government included:
* Commanding general of the armored vehicles regiment
* Commanding general of the unified logistics division
* Commandant of the Army Strategies College
* Chancellor of the Three-Military University
* Senior advisor to the President
* Secretary-General, Council of National Security
After Chiang Ching-kuo's death, Chiang was a political rival of native Taiwanese Lee Teng-hui, and he strongly opposed Lee's Taiwan localization movement. Chiang ran as vice-president with Taiwan Governor Lin Yang-kang in the . Lee ran as the KMT presidential candidate and defeated the Lin-Chiang ticket.
In 1991, Chiang's housemaid, Li Hung-mei was found dead in Chiang's estate in the Taipei City. The following police investigation discovered a stockpile of sixty guns on Chiang's estate. Chiang himself admitted the possibility of a link between the guns and his maid's death, which was later ruled a suicide by the police. The incident permanently tarnished Chiang Wei-kuo's name, at a time when the Chiang family was increasingly unpopular on Taiwan and even within the Nationalist Party. A new generation of Nationalists no longer had the will or desire to cover the decades of corruption and scandal that the Chiang family had surrounded itself with ever since Chiang Kai-shek rose to power in the 1930s.
Final years
In the early 1990s, Chiang Wei-kuo established an 11-person unofficial Spirit Relocation Committee to petition the Communist government to allow his father and brother to be exhumed and re-interred in mainland China. His request was largely ignored by both the Nationalist and Communist governments, and he was persuaded to abandon the petition by his stepmother and his father's widow, Soong May-ling in November 1996.
In 1994, a hospital was supposed to be named after him in Sanchih, Taipei County, after an unnamed politician donated to Ruentex Financial Group , whose founder was from Stician. Politicians questioned the motivation.
In 1996, the Chiang home on a military land was finally demolished by the order of the Taipei municipal government under Chen Shui-bian. The estate had been constructed in 1971. After Chiang moved elsewhere in 1981, he deeded it to his son. The justification was that son was not in military service and thus was not entitled to live there.
Chiang Wei-kuo died at the age of 82 from kidney failure. He had been experienced falling blood pressure complicated by diabetes after a 10-month illness at Veterans General Hospital, Taipei at 82. He wished to be buried in Suzhou in mainland China, but was instead buried at Wuchih Mountain Military Cemetery.
Chiang Wei-kuo was a Master Mason and was a Past Master of Liberty Lodge #7 in Taipei, Taiwan.
Hau Pei-tsun
Hau Pei-tsun was of the Republic of China from May 30, 1990 to February 10, 1993 and a 4-star general in the .
Born to a well-to-do family in Yancheng county, Jiangsu province, Hau received a military education from the Chinese Military Academy, Chinese Army University, U.S. Army Command and General Staff College, and the War College, Armed Forces University. Hau was appointed an artillery officer in 1938, and served in the Chinese expeditionary forces in India during World War II. In the subsequent Chinese Civil War he was a staff officer.
As commander of the 9th Infantry Division from 1958 to 1961, Hau presided over the 44-day bombardment of Quemoy by the People's Liberation Army. He commanded the 3rd Corps from 1963 to 1965, served as Chief Aide to Chiang Kai-shek from 1965 to 1970. He continued his army career as Commander of the 1st Field Army from 1970 to 1973, Deputy Commander-in-Chief of the ROC Army from 1975 to 1977, Executive Vice Chief of the General Staff in the Ministry of National Defense from 1977 to 1978, Commander-in-Chief of the ROC Army 1978 to 1981, and Chief of the General Staff in the Ministry of National Defense from 1981 to 1989.
He was a member of the Central Standing Committee of the Kuomintang from 1984 to 1993 and served as Minister of National Defense from 1989 until 1990 when he was appointed Premier. He was appointed by President Lee Teng-hui in part to mollify the conservative mainlander faction within the KMT that had threatened to run a rival presidential ticket in the March 1990 election. Hau's appointment sparked protests by those who believed it marked retrogression toward military rule, while President Lee defended his decision by saying he valued Hau's tough stance on crime. As premier he held high approval ratings - he was tough on crime and promoted a multi-billion-dollar economic development plan to industrialize Taiwan. Hau submitted his resignation in January 1993 after the KMT's poor showing in the 1992 Legislative Yuan election.
Appointed as one of four vice-chairmen of the KMT in the 14th Party Congress in another effort by Lee to pacify the mainlander faction, Hau served from 1993 to 1995.
In the , he ran for vice-president as an independent on the ticket of Lin Yang-kang and had his KMT membership "cancelled" . His party membership was restored in 2005.
He married Kuo Wan-hua and has two sons and three daughters. One of his sons is politician Hau Lung-pin, the former chairman of the , and incumbent Mayor of Taipei.
Biography
Born to a well-to-do family in Yancheng county, Jiangsu province, Hau received a military education from the Chinese Military Academy, Chinese Army University, U.S. Army Command and General Staff College, and the War College, Armed Forces University. Hau was appointed an artillery officer in 1938, and served in the Chinese expeditionary forces in India during World War II. In the subsequent Chinese Civil War he was a staff officer.
As commander of the 9th Infantry Division from 1958 to 1961, Hau presided over the 44-day bombardment of Quemoy by the People's Liberation Army. He commanded the 3rd Corps from 1963 to 1965, served as Chief Aide to Chiang Kai-shek from 1965 to 1970. He continued his army career as Commander of the 1st Field Army from 1970 to 1973, Deputy Commander-in-Chief of the ROC Army from 1975 to 1977, Executive Vice Chief of the General Staff in the Ministry of National Defense from 1977 to 1978, Commander-in-Chief of the ROC Army 1978 to 1981, and Chief of the General Staff in the Ministry of National Defense from 1981 to 1989.
He was a member of the Central Standing Committee of the Kuomintang from 1984 to 1993 and served as Minister of National Defense from 1989 until 1990 when he was appointed Premier. He was appointed by President Lee Teng-hui in part to mollify the conservative mainlander faction within the KMT that had threatened to run a rival presidential ticket in the March 1990 election. Hau's appointment sparked protests by those who believed it marked retrogression toward military rule, while President Lee defended his decision by saying he valued Hau's tough stance on crime. As premier he held high approval ratings - he was tough on crime and promoted a multi-billion-dollar economic development plan to industrialize Taiwan. Hau submitted his resignation in January 1993 after the KMT's poor showing in the 1992 Legislative Yuan election.
Appointed as one of four vice-chairmen of the KMT in the 14th Party Congress in another effort by Lee to pacify the mainlander faction, Hau served from 1993 to 1995.
In the , he ran for vice-president as an independent on the ticket of Lin Yang-kang and had his KMT membership "cancelled" . His party membership was restored in 2005.
He married Kuo Wan-hua and has two sons and three daughters. One of his sons is politician Hau Lung-pin, the former chairman of the , and incumbent Mayor of Taipei.
I Hua Huang
General I Hua Huang , originally named Shian, was born in Yizhang county, Hunan province. During his youth, the country was in turmoil and suffered from civil war and warlord-ism. After graduating from high school, I Hua joined the military and spent the next 10 years studying and applying military science. The general sentiment of relatives at the time was that joining the army was a bad decision. Despite the negative opinions of others, Huang never regretted his decision.
Huang participated in the following battles:
Battle of Shanghai : The opening battle of the Anti-Japanese War.
Battle of Nanjing : Huang was a Colonel at this time. On Dec. 13, Nanjing fell. The Japanese army massacred the populace of Nanjing and Huang was almost captured by the Japanese during their attack on the city.
Battle of Wuhan : The battle involved areas of four provinces, Anhui, Jiangxi, Hubei, and Hunan. The battle lasted approximately six months and was especially difficult. Casualties of the Japanese forces were estimated at 200,000. Wuhan was abandoned in November and the Nationalist army withdrew to regroup and prepare for subsequent battles.
Battle of Xian-bei : The goal of the Japanese army was to advance toward Changsha, the capital of the Hunan province. At this time, Huang was promoted to major general and stationed to the 9th military region at Nanyu, Hunan as a staff officer. Huang's appointment to Major General was noteworthy in that he was only 30 years old at the time and became one of the youngest generals in the country. General Chen Chen, Huang's superior commander, highly regarded Huang's skills and praised him frequently. Huang drafted many of the directives and orders for General Chen and frequently represented him in meetings. It was during this campaign that Huang's second child, Yue Shiou, was born.
Battle of Zhao Yi : The battle was marked by its ferocity. During the battle, one of the high ranking nationalist army generals, General Zhang Zhi Zhong, was lost. General Zhang was a 3-star general and the highest ranked officer to lose his life during the Anti-Japanese war. During the Battle, Huang's units were overrun by the Japanese and escaped to the safety through enemy lines. During the escape, they hid in farm fields and only moved at night. With the assistance of the local population and militia, they were able to make their way to safety after seven days. Many people at the time thought that Huang had perished.
Huang's third child, Ling Shiou, was born when he was with the stationed at Ensi, Hubei.
December 7th, 1941: Pearl Harbor was attacked by the Japanese and America entered the war. The Japanese advance in China halted at Yichang, Hubei. General Huang was promoted to deputy division command of the 4th division and stationed in Shangdouping, Hubei for about three years. Shandouping is in Yichang, Hubei and is near the present day 3 Gorge's Dam.
Huang's fourth child, Ying Sheng, was born.
1944: General Huang was promoted as division commander of the 16th division at age 36. It was at this time that the Japanese began their attack towards Chongquing from occupied Guilin and Vietnam. The 16th division was redeployed to the southern area of Sichuan to prepare for the Japanese attack. However, since the Japanese advance was defeated by another Chinese unit, the 16th was redeployed back to Shandouping. It was at this time that Huang's fifth child, Cheng Sheng, was born.
1945: The Japanese surrender after the bombing of Hiroshima and . The 16th division was ordered to receive the Japanese surrender at Yichang, Hubei. Th 16th division received the surrender of the 132th division of the Japanese army at Tianmen, Hubei. By President Chiang Kai Shek's order, the Chinese army did not mistreat the surrendering Japanese.
In the subsequent years after World War II, General Huang participated in the Civil War against the Communist forces from 1947-49 and engaged in many battles. Hann Sheng and Shian Sheng were born. Huang became the 103rd Corp Deputy Commander in 1948. The 103rd consisted of 3 divisions (347th, 234th, and a third division. The 103rd Corp was lost in battle in Guangxi near the Vietnamese border. General Huang escaped through Communist lines to safety.
1950- General Huang arrived in Taiwan and was appointed Chief of staff of the Eastern Defense military Region headquartered at Hualien. Afterwards, General Huang became the head of the 8th and 3rd Army Officer Fighting Regiments and eventually retired from the army in 1955. After the army, Huang worked in the Bureau of National Property as a regional director. At the age of 65, I Hua retired from public office.
I Hua came to the United States in 1975 and lived in Elmhurst, Queens, New York with his family. General Huang and his wife, Lee Yuen were both born in the countryside of Hunan. They married early and their marriage lasted over 72 years. Lee Yuen lived until 1998. All of his seven children are currently in the United States. Of the seven, four attained PhD Degrees and one attained a Master's Degree. Two of his children were left behind in China after the civil war and were not able to rejoin him in the United States until the 1980s. The two sibling left behind didn't have the same opportunities as the other five and suffered greatly from Communist persecution. I Hua and Lee Yuen always regretted stranding of their two children in China and were moved to tears whenever the incident was mentioned.
For his entire life, Huang I Hua was characterized as a very gentle person. He seldom got angry and demanded little. He enjoyed reading, writing, walking, and moderate amounts of drinking. He drank a lot of water/tea every day. He quit smoking after reaching 50 years old. Walking was his favorite hobby. In the late 1970s and early 1980s, he enjoyed the company of friends and family and frequently engaged in mahjong. After the death of his wife , he grieved for a long time and seldom engaged in social activities. Instead, he asked Ning Sheng or Yi Sheng to represent him at the veteran association events.
Military
World War II and Anti-Japanese War 1937-1945
Huang participated in the following battles:
Battle of Shanghai : The opening battle of the Anti-Japanese War.
Battle of Nanjing : Huang was a Colonel at this time. On Dec. 13, Nanjing fell. The Japanese army massacred the populace of Nanjing and Huang was almost captured by the Japanese during their attack on the city.
Battle of Wuhan : The battle involved areas of four provinces, Anhui, Jiangxi, Hubei, and Hunan. The battle lasted approximately six months and was especially difficult. Casualties of the Japanese forces were estimated at 200,000. Wuhan was abandoned in November and the Nationalist army withdrew to regroup and prepare for subsequent battles.
Battle of Xian-bei : The goal of the Japanese army was to advance toward Changsha, the capital of the Hunan province. At this time, Huang was promoted to major general and stationed to the 9th military region at Nanyu, Hunan as a staff officer. Huang's appointment to Major General was noteworthy in that he was only 30 years old at the time and became one of the youngest generals in the country. General Chen Chen, Huang's superior commander, highly regarded Huang's skills and praised him frequently. Huang drafted many of the directives and orders for General Chen and frequently represented him in meetings. It was during this campaign that Huang's second child, Yue Shiou, was born.
Battle of Zhao Yi : The battle was marked by its ferocity. During the battle, one of the high ranking nationalist army generals, General Zhang Zhi Zhong, was lost. General Zhang was a 3-star general and the highest ranked officer to lose his life during the Anti-Japanese war. During the Battle, Huang's units were overrun by the Japanese and escaped to the safety through enemy lines. During the escape, they hid in farm fields and only moved at night. With the assistance of the local population and militia, they were able to make their way to safety after seven days. Many people at the time thought that Huang had perished.
Huang's third child, Ling Shiou, was born when he was with the stationed at Ensi, Hubei.
December 7th, 1941: Pearl Harbor was attacked by the Japanese and America entered the war. The Japanese advance in China halted at Yichang, Hubei. General Huang was promoted to deputy division command of the 4th division and stationed in Shangdouping, Hubei for about three years. Shandouping is in Yichang, Hubei and is near the present day 3 Gorge's Dam.
Huang's fourth child, Ying Sheng, was born.
1944: General Huang was promoted as division commander of the 16th division at age 36. It was at this time that the Japanese began their attack towards Chongquing from occupied Guilin and Vietnam. The 16th division was redeployed to the southern area of Sichuan to prepare for the Japanese attack. However, since the Japanese advance was defeated by another Chinese unit, the 16th was redeployed back to Shandouping. It was at this time that Huang's fifth child, Cheng Sheng, was born.
1945: The Japanese surrender after the bombing of Hiroshima and . The 16th division was ordered to receive the Japanese surrender at Yichang, Hubei. Th 16th division received the surrender of the 132th division of the Japanese army at Tianmen, Hubei. By President Chiang Kai Shek's order, the Chinese army did not mistreat the surrendering Japanese.
Civil War Years
In the subsequent years after World War II, General Huang participated in the Civil War against the Communist forces from 1947-49 and engaged in many battles. Hann Sheng and Shian Sheng were born. Huang became the 103rd Corp Deputy Commander in 1948. The 103rd consisted of 3 divisions (347th, 234th, and a third division. The 103rd Corp was lost in battle in Guangxi near the Vietnamese border. General Huang escaped through Communist lines to safety.
Life in Taiwan
1950- General Huang arrived in Taiwan and was appointed Chief of staff of the Eastern Defense military Region headquartered at Hualien. Afterwards, General Huang became the head of the 8th and 3rd Army Officer Fighting Regiments and eventually retired from the army in 1955. After the army, Huang worked in the Bureau of National Property as a regional director. At the age of 65, I Hua retired from public office.
Life in the United States
I Hua came to the United States in 1975 and lived in Elmhurst, Queens, New York with his family. General Huang and his wife, Lee Yuen were both born in the countryside of Hunan. They married early and their marriage lasted over 72 years. Lee Yuen lived until 1998. All of his seven children are currently in the United States. Of the seven, four attained PhD Degrees and one attained a Master's Degree. Two of his children were left behind in China after the civil war and were not able to rejoin him in the United States until the 1980s. The two sibling left behind didn't have the same opportunities as the other five and suffered greatly from Communist persecution. I Hua and Lee Yuen always regretted stranding of their two children in China and were moved to tears whenever the incident was mentioned.
Personal
For his entire life, Huang I Hua was characterized as a very gentle person. He seldom got angry and demanded little. He enjoyed reading, writing, walking, and moderate amounts of drinking. He drank a lot of water/tea every day. He quit smoking after reaching 50 years old. Walking was his favorite hobby. In the late 1970s and early 1980s, he enjoyed the company of friends and family and frequently engaged in mahjong. After the death of his wife , he grieved for a long time and seldom engaged in social activities. Instead, he asked Ning Sheng or Yi Sheng to represent him at the veteran association events.
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